For every example identify the indicator, indicated meaning, and basis:
1. Spoken “qalam” → writing instrument: verbal-conventional.
2. An “ah” of pain → distress: verbal-natural.
3. A word behind a wall → presence of a speaker: verbal-rational.
4. Written letters → the corresponding spoken word: nonverbal-conventional.
5. A horse's neigh → wanting food in the book's example: nonverbal-natural.
6. Smoke → fire: nonverbal-rational.
Notice that classification always asks what is indicated and why.
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Worked practice: all six classes
Dalālah, Waḍʿ and the Six Types of Indication
For every example identify the indicator, indicated meaning, and basis:
1. Spoken “qalam” → writing instrument: verbal-conventional.
2. An “ah” of pain → distress: verbal-natural.
3. A word behind a wall → presence of a speaker: verbal-rational.
4. Written letters → the corresponding spoken word: nonverbal-conventional.
5. A horse's neigh → wanting food in the book's example: nonverbal-natural.
6. Smoke → fire: nonverbal-rational.
Notice that classification always asks what is indicated and why.