Both expressions begin with the same proximate genus, animal. Their second components differ logically: rational is treated as a proximate differentia, while laughing-capable is treated as a property. Therefore the former is a complete ḥadd and the latter a complete rasm. The logical role of the component—not superficial word pattern—determines the type.
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Rational animal versus laughing-capable animal
Definitions in Logic: Complete and Incomplete Ḥadd and Rasm
Both expressions begin with the same proximate genus, animal. Their second components differ logically: rational is treated as a proximate differentia, while laughing-capable is treated as a property. Therefore the former is a complete ḥadd and the latter a complete rasm. The logical role of the component—not superficial word pattern—determines the type.