LessonsDemonstration and the Six Kinds of Certain PremisesQuiz

The main text and notes use five traditional internal faculties:
1. Common sense (ḥiss mushtarak) — unified awareness of sensible forms.
2. Imagination (khayāl) — retaining sensible forms after the object is absent.
3. Estimative faculty (wahm) — apprehending particular nonsensible meanings tied to particular things.
4. Memory (ḥāfiẓah) — retaining those particular meanings.
5. Compositive faculty (mutaṣarrifah) — combining and separating retained representations.

These are terms from the text's historical philosophical psychology, useful for interpreting its treatment of inner perception; they should not be mistaken for a modern neuroscientific map.

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Traditional classification of internal senses

Demonstration and the Six Kinds of Certain Premises

The main text and notes use five traditional internal faculties:
1. Common sense (ḥiss mushtarak) — unified awareness of sensible forms.
2. Imagination (khayāl) — retaining sensible forms after the object is absent.
3. Estimative faculty (wahm) — apprehending particular nonsensible meanings tied to particular things.
4. Memory (ḥāfiẓah) — retaining those particular meanings.
5. Compositive faculty (mutaṣarrifah) — combining and separating retained representations.

These are terms from the text's historical philosophical psychology, useful for interpreting its treatment of inner perception; they should not be mistaken for a modern neuroscientific map.