LessonsDemonstration and the Six Kinds of Certain PremisesQuiz

المتواترات، وهي قضايا يحكم بها بواسطة إخبار جماعة يستحيل العقل تواطؤهم على الكذب
Mass-transmitted propositions are judgments based on reports from a group whose agreement on a lie is rationally impossible.

What matters is not sheer number alone but also the independence and convergence of the reporting routes. Repetition of one unreliable story by many people does not automatically create tawātur.

The classical claim is that a suitably convergent body of reporting can yield a kind of certainty beyond that supplied by a single isolated report.

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Definition of mass-transmitted reports

Demonstration and the Six Kinds of Certain Premises

المتواترات، وهي قضايا يحكم بها بواسطة إخبار جماعة يستحيل العقل تواطؤهم على الكذب
Mass-transmitted propositions are judgments based on reports from a group whose agreement on a lie is rationally impossible.

What matters is not sheer number alone but also the independence and convergence of the reporting routes. Repetition of one unreliable story by many people does not automatically create tawātur.

The classical claim is that a suitably convergent body of reporting can yield a kind of certainty beyond that supplied by a single isolated report.