LessonsDemonstration and the Six Kinds of Certain PremisesQuiz

Classify by the epistemic route:
1. “A whole exceeds its proper part” — first principle, with no separate middle required.
2. “Four is even” — innate inference, with the defining middle immediately present.
3. Relevant premises become clear at once — a case of intuition when they are sound.
4. Seeing clouds directly — observation.
5. A general rule established through suitable repeated observation — the domain of experience.
6. Independent convergent reports that eliminate rational doubt of collusion — mass transmission.

The deciding feature is how the proposition is warranted, not sentence length or familiarity.

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Worked classification exercise

Demonstration and the Six Kinds of Certain Premises

Classify by the epistemic route:
1. “A whole exceeds its proper part” — first principle, with no separate middle required.
2. “Four is even” — innate inference, with the defining middle immediately present.
3. Relevant premises become clear at once — a case of intuition when they are sound.
4. Seeing clouds directly — observation.
5. A general rule established through suitable repeated observation — the domain of experience.
6. Independent convergent reports that eliminate rational doubt of collusion — mass transmission.

The deciding feature is how the proposition is warranted, not sentence length or familiarity.