Demonstration Through Causes and Effects: Limmī and Innī

Read-only question overview. Answers and scoring remain inside authenticated learner attempts.

• Which two kinds of demonstration does the text distinguish?
• What uniquely characterizes the middle term in limmī demonstration?
• In what sense is the middle term a cause in innī demonstration?
• Why is limmī so named?
• What is the middle term in the textbook’s limmī medical example?
• What serves as the middle term in the textbook’s innī example?
• How should the historical medical example be treated?
• When heating causes expansion in a controlled experiment, inferring expansion from heating is of which type?
• Given that alternatives are excluded, inferring heating from the resulting expansion is in which direction?
• Why does an unlit lamp not conclusively prove its switch is open?
• What is the epistemic function of the middle term?
• What does the phrase “بل قد يكون معلولا له” allow?
• What is not automatically established by valid syllogistic form?
• Why is classifying an animal as a horse solely because it has four legs not demonstrative?
• If the middle term is evidential but not a real cause, which demonstration type fits?
• Why is “every effect proves exactly one cause” incorrect?
• When are the reason for knowing and the real cause the same?
• What is wrong with “The lamp is off; therefore its bulb must be broken”?
• Under what condition is inferring heat from melted wax better supported?
• Which feature fundamentally distinguishes limmī from innī?
• Why is innī not by definition merely probable?
• What changes the historical fever example from limmī to innī?
• What should be done before classifying an argument as limmī or innī?
• Which illustrates cause-to-effect reasoning under stated conditions?
• What does the textbook’s “ولم يكن علة في الواقع” deny?
• If a conclusion happens to be true but the premises are false, what follows?
• When a middle term changes between two arguments, what is the key question?
• Which new section begins immediately after the two kinds of demonstration?
• In limmī demonstration, the middle term is both an evidential link and a real cause.
• In innī demonstration, the middle term may be an effect of the cause it indicates.
• Observing an effect always uniquely establishes one real cause.
• A true conclusion automatically establishes true premises and limmī demonstration.