Essence or quiddity identifies the defining nature of a kind. Accidents are qualities outside that essence.
An essential universal expresses an entire specific essence or a constituent of it; relative to humans, human, animal, and rational illustrate these roles in the classical source.
An accidental universal signifies something outside the essence; the book uses capable of laughter, while learned is another accessible example.
You are ready to proceed when you can distinguish the whole essence, a component of the essence, and an attribute external to it.
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Summary and preparation for the next lesson
Essence, Quiddity, and Essential vs Accidental Universals
Essence or quiddity identifies the defining nature of a kind. Accidents are qualities outside that essence.
An essential universal expresses an entire specific essence or a constituent of it; relative to humans, human, animal, and rational illustrate these roles in the classical source.
An accidental universal signifies something outside the essence; the book uses capable of laughter, while learned is another accessible example.
You are ready to proceed when you can distinguish the whole essence, a component of the essence, and an attribute external to it.