Comparing the three disjunctive rules

Exceptive Syllogism: Valid Inferences from Connected and Disjunctive Conditionals

True disjunction: the alternatives are neither both true nor both false. Affirmation yields denial, and denial yields affirmation.

Exclusion of conjunction: the alternatives cannot both be true. Affirmation yields denial; denial does not necessarily yield affirmation.

Exclusion of emptiness: the alternatives cannot both be false. Denial yields affirmation; affirmation does not necessarily yield denial.

The mere word “or” does not determine the type. One must examine whether both sides can hold together and whether both can fail together.