كلما كانت الشمس طالعة كان النهار موجودا
Whenever the sun has risen, daytime is present.
لكن الشمس طالعة
But the sun has risen.
Together these yield “فالنهار موجود”, meaning “therefore daytime is present.”
The sun’s rising affirms the antecedent, and daytime affirms the consequent. Once the conditional and the second premise are accepted, the conclusion follows.
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Exceptive Syllogism: Valid Inferences from Connected and Disjunctive Conditionals
كلما كانت الشمس طالعة كان النهار موجودا
Whenever the sun has risen, daytime is present.
لكن الشمس طالعة
But the sun has risen.
Together these yield “فالنهار موجود”, meaning “therefore daytime is present.”
The sun’s rising affirms the antecedent, and daytime affirms the consequent. Once the conditional and the second premise are accepted, the conclusion follows.