والجوهر: هو الموجود لا في موضوع، أي محل، بل قائم بنفسه كالأجسام.
A substance is an existent that is not in a subject or bearer; rather, it subsists in itself, as bodies do.
Here subject (mawḍū‘) means a bearer in which an attribute inheres. A table is a body; its length and color are found in it. The body is the example of substance, while its length and color are attributes.
Calling substance self-subsistent does not mean that it needs no cause. It means that it does not inhere in a bearer as an accident does.