Error 1: “I have seen many cases, so every case is the same.” Many instances do not guarantee a universal conclusion.
Error 2: “My sample is large, therefore my induction is complete.” Completeness requires exhaustive coverage, not impressive numbers.
Error 3: “Incomplete induction has no intellectual value.” It may support prevailing probability; the mistake is to treat that probability as certainty.
Correct analysis defines the scope of the general claim and describes the strength of evidence accordingly.