Induction draws a universal judgment from an investigation of particulars or subdivisions.
Complete induction: Exhaustive relevant coverage; true and complete premises yield certainty.
Incomplete induction: Some cases remain unknown; evidence may support a prevailing probability without necessitating the universal judgment.
The book’s animal example illustrates incomplete generalization; its traditional division of bodies shows the logical role of exhaustive classification.
The next subject is analogy (tamthīl), which extends a judgment from one particular to another through an alleged shared feature, rather than directly judging an entire class.