LessonsModal Propositions: The Eight Simple ModalitiesQuiz

The eight forms differ along two connected dimensions: the force of the claim and the period or condition for which it holds.

Necessity: the contrary cannot obtain under the stated qualification.
Permanence: the relation continues throughout the specified period; permanence alone does not automatically establish necessity.
Description: a condition linked to the subject's descriptive title is maintained.
Time: necessity is attached to a specified or unspecified time.
Actuality and possibility: one may assert actual occurrence or deny the necessity of its opposite.

The most serious confusions are inferring “necessary” from “has happened,” or “actual” from “possible.”

Opening interactive controls...

The organizing questions behind the eight forms

Modal Propositions: The Eight Simple Modalities

The eight forms differ along two connected dimensions: the force of the claim and the period or condition for which it holds.

Necessity: the contrary cannot obtain under the stated qualification.
Permanence: the relation continues throughout the specified period; permanence alone does not automatically establish necessity.
Description: a condition linked to the subject's descriptive title is maintained.
Time: necessity is attached to a specified or unspecified time.
Actuality and possibility: one may assert actual occurrence or deny the necessity of its opposite.

The most serious confusions are inferring “necessary” from “has happened,” or “actual” from “possible.”