فموضوع المنطق: المعلومات التصورية والتصديقية
Thus the subject matter of logic consists of known conceptions and judgments.
Conceptual information includes meanings such as “human,” “animal” and “mortal.” Propositional information includes statements expressing judgments, such as “Every human is mortal.”
Yet this is not the complete qualification. Knowing that some water is cold is not, by itself, the whole business of logic. What matters is how known concepts and propositions lead to what is not yet known.