Nazar, the Movements of Thought, and the Need for Logic

Read-only question overview. Answers and scoring remain inside authenticated learner attempts.

• Which feature is essential to the technical definition of nazar?
• What does the “unknown” in the definition of nazar mean?
• What makes the conclusion follow in the Zayd-and-mortality argument?
• Understanding the technical term “species” by a definition seeks which kind of unknown?
• What is the predicate in “al-ʿālam mutaghayyir”?
• What is the logical force of “kull” in “wa-kullu mutaghayyirin ḥādith”?
• What is the mediating term in the source argument?
• If an argument has valid form but a false premise, what follows?
• What is wrong with “Every pigeon is a bird; every sparrow is a bird; therefore every pigeon is a sparrow”?
• In the first movement of thought, where does the mind turn?
• What does the second movement of thought involve?
• Which description best illustrates an immediate (dafʿī) transition?
• If the first movement is gradual and the second immediate, what is correct?
• If each of two movements is immediate or gradual, how many combinations arise?
• Which statement best matches the earlier account of fikr reported in the commentary?
• In the later account, what receives special emphasis?
• Why does the text reject the claim that every arrangement is correct?
• Taken in the same sense and respect, what is the relation between “the world is originated” and “the world is eternal”?
• If one term shifts between “water spring” and “eye” but is treated as univocal, what error is illustrated?
• If two true premises are used to draw a conclusion that does not follow, where is the central flaw?
• Which point about an explanatory definition appears in the commentary?
• In the classical definition “rational animal,” how does “animal” function?
• Why is “All scholars are human; all writers are human; therefore all scholars are writers” invalid?
• What does calling logic “the balance” primarily convey?
• Which statement most accurately expresses why logic is needed?
• Which approach gives the most complete evaluation of a proposition argued from premises?
• For nazar, storing many facts suffices even without a relevant link to the sought conclusion.
• Of the two mental movements, one may be immediate while the other is gradual.
• Two genuinely contradictory claims about the same subject in the same respect cannot both be true.
• Correctly applying logical rules automatically makes false premises true.