LessonsPredication, Types of Categorical Proposition and Negated TermsQuiz

«زيد لا عالم»
Zayd is a non-scholar.

Here “lā ʿālim” is taken as a compound predicate meaning non-scholar. This complex predicate is affirmed of Zayd in the proposition's affirmative structure.

Subject: Zayd.
Predicate: non-scholar.
Quality: affirmative predication with a negated predicate term.

If “Zayd is not a scholar” is analyzed as direct denial of the affirmative connection, its logical form is different. Denying a predicate and affirming a negative predicate-term are not the same analysis.

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Negation as part of the predicate

Predication, Types of Categorical Proposition and Negated Terms

«زيد لا عالم»
Zayd is a non-scholar.

Here “lā ʿālim” is taken as a compound predicate meaning non-scholar. This complex predicate is affirmed of Zayd in the proposition's affirmative structure.

Subject: Zayd.
Predicate: non-scholar.
Quality: affirmative predication with a negated predicate term.

If “Zayd is not a scholar” is analyzed as direct denial of the affirmative connection, its logical form is different. Denying a predicate and affirming a negative predicate-term are not the same analysis.