Proof: Syllogism, Induction, Analogy and the Four Figures

Read-only question overview. Answers and scoring remain inside authenticated learner attempts.

• How many broad types of argument does the textbook name?
• What chiefly characterizes a syllogism?
• Which method generalizes from many particular instances?
• What transfers a judgment between particular cases by a relevant shared feature?
• What is meant by “after granting those propositions” in the definition of qiyās?
• If an argument form is valid but a premise is false, which statement is correct?
• What kind of syllogism is “Zayd is human; every human is animal; therefore Zayd is animal”?
• In the source conditional example, what does “but Zayd is human” do?
• Given “If A then B” and “not B,” what follows?
• What is wrong with “If it rains the ground is wet; the ground is wet; so it rained”?
• What identifies a conjunctive syllogism?
• What are the two subdivisions of conjunctive syllogism?
• What is the minor term in a categorical syllogism?
• What is the major term in a categorical syllogism?
• Identify the middle term in “Every human is animal; Zayd is human; so Zayd is animal.”
• How is the major premise identified?
• Which is the minor premise in the “changing world” example?
• Why is the middle term usually absent from the conclusion?
• What determines the figure of a categorical syllogism?
• Where is the middle term in the first figure?
• Where is the middle term in the second figure?
• Where is the middle term in the third figure?
• Which arrangement defines the fourth figure?
• Does merely rewriting the same premises in reverse order necessarily change the figure?
• In “All humans are animals; some humans are writers; thus some animals are writers,” where is the middle?
• Which figure is represented by “All humans are animals; no stone is an animal”?
• Why does juxtaposing two particular affirmative premises not automatically yield a conclusion?
• If the conclusion is “Some birds are white,” what is the major term?
• The textbook lists qiyās, istiqrāʾ and tamthīl as kinds of argument.
• If a syllogism has a valid form, every premise must be true in reality.
• The middle term occurs in both premises and is absent from the conclusion.
• Simply reversing the written order of premises necessarily changes a first-figure syllogism into a fourth-figure one.