“Humans are living beings” lacks an overt quantifier and is classified as muhmalah in the textbook’s scheme. “Every human is a living being” explicitly states universality and is mahsurah, universal affirmative. A claim’s factual scope and its explicit wording must be distinguished for this classification exercise.
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Indefinite versus explicitly quantified
Propositions: Categorical and Conditional Forms
“Humans are living beings” lacks an overt quantifier and is classified as muhmalah in the textbook’s scheme. “Every human is a living being” explicitly states universality and is mahsurah, universal affirmative. A claim’s factual scope and its explicit wording must be distinguished for this classification exercise.