How should “If P then Q; Q; therefore P” be evaluated?
Qiyās al-Khalf: Compound Reductio, Impossibility and Proof of the Claim
- A valid final reductio step
- Always valid
- The invalid affirmation of the consequent
- The definition of excluded middle
Qiyās al-Khalf: Compound Reductio, Impossibility and Proof of the Claim