Remaining Semantic Fallacies: Mental Concepts, Similarity, and Famous Paradoxes

Read-only question overview. Answers and scoring remain inside authenticated learner attempts.

• Which inference confuses a mental predicate with an external property?
• To what does universality attach in “human is universal”?
• What is the essential qualification in the discussion of “the impossible exists”?
• What is the essential error of substituting an image for the thing?
• If an effect requires jointly acting conditions, which inference is not justified?
• Which fallacy is illustrated by 70 people collectively carrying a stone?
• What is required for a sound argument a fortiori?
• Why does an intellectual property absent in birds not have to be absent in humans?
• Which conclusion does not follow from the whiteness example?
• When may the inference “a similar of a similar is similar” fail?
• Humans and trees grow, while trees and pillars can stand upright. What follows?
• What distinguishes privation from mere negation?
• What is wrong with asserting “the wall is blind”?
• What hidden assumption drives the puzzle that the unknown cannot be discovered?
• In the missing-servant illustration, what new knowledge is acquired?
• What is the diagnostic feature of the circular proof discussed here?
• When are “Zayd is standing” and “Zayd is not standing” genuinely contradictory?
• What failure arises from mixing actual and counterfactual suppositions?
• What must be preserved when contraposing a conditional?
• Which pair best reveals the invalid transfer of an external effect to a representation?
• Which example best shows a shift in the ground of similarity?
• What is the first step in evaluating the “claim is established” fallacy?
• What is the common lesson of the closing fallacies?
• Which section follows the fallacies chapter in the source?
• Which statement correctly distinguishes the respect of a predicate?
• Which principle resolves the celebrated paradox of seeking the unknown?
• Why identify the specific defect in a syllogism?
• Which statement avoids confusing privation with simple negation?
• Mentally conceiving a universal entails that all its instances exist outside the mind.
• A task achieved collectively does not guarantee each participant can perform a proportional share alone.
• Privation and mere absence have the same scope for every kind of subject.
• A person’s identity may be known while their current location remains unknown.