To construct a categorical converse:
1. Identify the original subject and the complete predicate.
2. Determine affirmative versus negative and universal versus particular.
3. Apply the appropriate rule; do not force a converse for a particular negative.
4. Exchange terms and select the correct quantifier.
5. Verify that whenever the original is true, the result must be true.
For compound predicates, temporal restrictions, and modal qualifications, a merely verbal reversal is insufficient.
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Simple Conversion: Definition, Categorical Rules and Reductio
To construct a categorical converse:
1. Identify the original subject and the complete predicate.
2. Determine affirmative versus negative and universal versus particular.
3. Apply the appropriate rule; do not force a converse for a particular negative.
4. Exchange terms and select the correct quantifier.
5. Verify that whenever the original is true, the result must be true.
For compound predicates, temporal restrictions, and modal qualifications, a merely verbal reversal is insufficient.