«فالسالبة الكلية تنعكس كنفسها»
A universal negative converts into another universal negative.
Textbook example:
«لا شيء من الإنسان بحجر»
No human is a stone.
Its converse:
«لا شيء من الحجر بإنسان»
No stone is a human.
If two classes share no members, no member of the first is in the second and no member of the second is in the first. This symmetric exclusion supports universal-negative conversion.
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Simple Conversion: Definition, Categorical Rules and Reductio
«فالسالبة الكلية تنعكس كنفسها»
A universal negative converts into another universal negative.
Textbook example:
«لا شيء من الإنسان بحجر»
No human is a stone.
Its converse:
«لا شيء من الحجر بإنسان»
No stone is a human.
If two classes share no members, no member of the first is in the second and no member of the second is in the first. This symmetric exclusion supports universal-negative conversion.