LessonsThe Conclusion: Subject, Principles, Problems, and Eight Introductory HeadingsQuiz

وثالثها: المسائل، وهي التي يشتمل العلم عليها ويحاول إثباتها بالدليل
The third element is the issues of the science: propositions it contains and attempts to establish through proof.

A masʾala is a thesis to be demonstrated within the discipline, not simply a familiar phrase. It may require a suitable argument to attain its intended standing.

For example, “A universal negative converts to a universal negative” is a logical thesis. Definitions of proposition and conversion supply conceptual principles; applicable inference rules supply propositional foundations.

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The issues a science seeks to prove

The Conclusion: Subject, Principles, Problems, and Eight Introductory Headings

وثالثها: المسائل، وهي التي يشتمل العلم عليها ويحاول إثباتها بالدليل
The third element is the issues of the science: propositions it contains and attempts to establish through proof.

A masʾala is a thesis to be demonstrated within the discipline, not simply a familiar phrase. It may require a suitable argument to attain its intended standing.

For example, “A universal negative converts to a universal negative” is a logical thesis. Definitions of proposition and conversion supply conceptual principles; applicable inference rules supply propositional foundations.