LessonsThe First Figure: Conditions of Validity and Four Productive MoodsQuiz

بعض الحيوان فرس، وكل فرس صهال
Some animals are horses, and every horse neighs.

بعض الحيوان صهال
Some animals neigh.

The minor does not say that every animal is a horse; it identifies only some animals as horses. The major applies neighing to all horses. Hence neighing is established for some animals, not every animal, and the conclusion is particular affirmative.

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Mood 3: the textbook example

The First Figure: Conditions of Validity and Four Productive Moods

بعض الحيوان فرس، وكل فرس صهال
Some animals are horses, and every horse neighs.

بعض الحيوان صهال
Some animals neigh.

The minor does not say that every animal is a horse; it identifies only some animals as horses. The major applies neighing to all horses. Hence neighing is established for some animals, not every animal, and the conclusion is particular affirmative.