LessonsThe First Figure: Conditions of Validity and Four Productive MoodsQuiz

Minor: Some books are dictionaries.
Major: No dictionaries are novels.
Conclusion: Some books are not novels.

Minor term: books
Middle term: dictionaries
Major term: novels

The minor is particular affirmative and the major universal negative, so the result is particular negative. “No books are novels” would be invalid, because other books may be novels.

Opening interactive controls...

Mood 4: another worked example

The First Figure: Conditions of Validity and Four Productive Moods

Minor: Some books are dictionaries.
Major: No dictionaries are novels.
Conclusion: Some books are not novels.

Minor term: books
Middle term: dictionaries
Major term: novels

The minor is particular affirmative and the major universal negative, so the result is particular negative. “No books are novels” would be invalid, because other books may be novels.