Minor: Some birds are waterbirds.
Major: All waterbirds are living things.
Valid conclusion: Some birds are living things.
Conclusion not established by these premises: All birds are living things.
That general statement is true in fact, but these two premises do not establish it for every bird. A statement being true and its being entailed by these specific premises are separate issues. A universal first-figure conclusion requires a universal affirmative minor.
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The First Figure: Conditions of Validity and Four Productive Moods
Minor: Some birds are waterbirds.
Major: All waterbirds are living things.
Valid conclusion: Some birds are living things.
Conclusion not established by these premises: All birds are living things.
That general statement is true in fact, but these two premises do not establish it for every bird. A statement being true and its being entailed by these specific premises are separate issues. A universal first-figure conclusion requires a universal affirmative minor.