Minor: All roses are flowers.
Major: All jasmines are flowers.
Invalid conclusion: All roses are jasmines.
“Flower” is the predicate in both premises. This is therefore arranged in the second figure, not the first. Belonging to the same broader class does not make roses and jasmines identical.
The first-figure conditions apply only when the middle is the minor’s predicate and major’s subject. First identify the figure, then apply its rules.
Opening interactive controls...
The First Figure: Conditions of Validity and Four Productive Moods
Minor: All roses are flowers.
Major: All jasmines are flowers.
Invalid conclusion: All roses are jasmines.
“Flower” is the predicate in both premises. This is therefore arranged in the second figure, not the first. Belonging to the same broader class does not make roses and jasmines identical.
The first-figure conditions apply only when the middle is the minor’s predicate and major’s subject. First identify the figure, then apply its rules.