Minor: All teachers are human.
Major: All literary scholars are teachers.
Conclusion: Some humans are literary scholars.
The major places scholars among teachers; the minor places all teachers among humans. Hence all scholars are human. If such scholars exist, at least some humans are scholars.
Nothing establishes that all humans are scholars. Reversing a universal affirmative without changing its quantity would be invalid.
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The Fourth Figure: Productive Conditions, Moods and Proofs
Minor: All teachers are human.
Major: All literary scholars are teachers.
Conclusion: Some humans are literary scholars.
The major places scholars among teachers; the minor places all teachers among humans. Hence all scholars are human. If such scholars exist, at least some humans are scholars.
Nothing establishes that all humans are scholars. Reversing a universal affirmative without changing its quantity would be invalid.