The Second Figure: Conditions of Validity and Four Productive Moods

Read-only question overview. Answers and scoring remain inside authenticated learner attempts.

• Where does the middle term appear in the second figure?
• What figure is “All C are B; no A is B”?
• What is the first productive condition in the second figure?
• Why are two affirmative premises invalid in the second figure?
• Which quantity must the major have?
• What conclusion follows solely from “All humans are animals; all birds are animals”?
• What is the quality of every valid second-figure conclusion?
• How many of the sixteen moods are productive?
• What follows from a universal affirmative minor and universal negative major?
• Universal negative minor + universal affirmative major yields what?
• Particular affirmative minor + universal negative major yields?
• Particular negative minor + universal affirmative major yields?
• What is the simple converse of “No A is B”?
• Which premise is converted to reduce mood 1 to the first figure?
• Which proof pattern for mood 2 occurs in the commentary?
• Why is “No C is A” too strong for “Some C are B; no A is B”?
• Which mood has “Some C are not B; all A are B”?
• The premises differ in quality but the major is particular. What follows?
• Can a negative minor be productive in the second figure?
• What is the middle term in “All cats are animals; no stone is an animal”?
• If the conclusion is “No C is A,” which is the minor term?
• In a reductio, what contradicts “No C is A”?
• Why convert the universal negative minor in mood 2?
• If a conclusion is true but does not follow from the premises, what is the argument?
• What follows from “All C are B; no A is B”?
• What relation follows from “No C is B; all A are B”?
• Which pair meets both productive conditions for figure two?
• What distinguishes the first and second figures?
• Every valid second-figure syllogism has a negative conclusion.
• A particular negative minor with a universal affirmative major cannot be productive in the second figure.
• Mood 1 can be reduced to the first figure by converting the universal negative major.
• Sharing a predicate in both premises is sufficient for valid second-figure inference.