كل ب ج، ولا شيء من ب أ، فبعض ج ليس أ
All B are C, and no B is A; therefore some C are not A.
The minor is universal affirmative, the major universal negative, and the conclusion particular negative.
For instance, all horses are animals and no horse is a bird. Given the existence of horses, some animals are not birds. The stronger claim “No animal is a bird” does not follow.
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The Third Figure: Conditions and Six Productive Moods
كل ب ج، ولا شيء من ب أ، فبعض ج ليس أ
All B are C, and no B is A; therefore some C are not A.
The minor is universal affirmative, the major universal negative, and the conclusion particular negative.
For instance, all horses are animals and no horse is a bird. Given the existence of horses, some animals are not birds. The stronger claim “No animal is a bird” does not follow.