LessonsThe Third Figure: Conditions and Six Productive MoodsQuiz

“Some students are poets” identifies actual students who are poets. “All students are human” includes those same individuals, so some poets must be human.

In symbols, convert the particular affirmative minor:
Some C are B.
All B are A.
Therefore some C are A.

This is a first-figure syllogism with particular affirmative minor and universal affirmative major. Conversion of a particular affirmative is valid, so the reduction preserves truth.

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Proof by tracking the same individuals

The Third Figure: Conditions and Six Productive Moods

“Some students are poets” identifies actual students who are poets. “All students are human” includes those same individuals, so some poets must be human.

In symbols, convert the particular affirmative minor:
Some C are B.
All B are A.
Therefore some C are A.

This is a first-figure syllogism with particular affirmative minor and universal affirmative major. Conversion of a particular affirmative is valid, so the reduction preserves truth.