Types of Qiyas: Istithna’i and Iqtirani

Read-only question overview. Answers and scoring remain inside authenticated learner attempts.

• Which two kinds of qiyas does the book describe?
• What is the first premise usually like in istithna’i qiyas?
• In “If the sun rises, it is daytime,” which is the antecedent?
• What is the consequent in that sentence?
• If rain makes the ground wet, and it rained, what follows?
• If P then Q; P. What follows?
• If P then Q; not Q. What follows?
• If P then Q; Q. Must P hold?
• If P then Q; not P. Must not Q hold?
• What is wrong with “The road is wet, therefore it rained”?
• What does affirming the antecedent do?
• What fallacy appears in “If fire then heat; heat; therefore fire”?
• Which is a suitable example of exclusive and exhaustive disjunction?
• If an integer is even, what follows?
• If an integer is not even, what follows?
• If an integer is not odd, what follows?
• Can even and odd both be false of an integer?
• Can an integer be both even and odd?
• What characterizes a haqiqiyyah disjunction?
• What is impossible in mani‘at al-jam‘?
• Can both options be false in mani‘at al-jam‘?
• If one alternative in mani‘at al-jam‘ is affirmed, what follows?
• Does denying one alternative in mani‘at al-jam‘ prove the other?
• What is impossible in mani‘at al-khulu?
• Can both alternatives be true in mani‘at al-khulu?
• In mani‘at al-khulu, denying one option allows what conclusion?
• Does affirming one option in mani‘at al-khulu disprove the other?
• For 3, which clauses of “greater than 2 or less than 4” hold?
• In the same example, not greater than 2 implies what?
• How is the conclusion related to premises in iqtirani qiyas?
• What type is “Every human is an animal; every animal is a body”?
• What is the middle term in that syllogism?
• What is the minor term?
• What is the major term?
• What follows from “Every human is an animal; every animal is a body”?
• If an argument form is valid but a premise is false, what follows?
• What best identifies istithna’i reasoning?
• Do two premises with a shared word automatically form a valid argument?
• Why not apply all even/odd inferences to every either/or sentence?
• Is a single conditional “If rain, then wet ground” itself a complete syllogism?
• Why does the middle term not appear as a term of the iqtirani conclusion?
• If a conclusion does not follow, what should you do?
• Istithna’i reasoning explicitly affirms or denies a conditional component.
• If P then Q; Q; therefore P is always valid.
• If P then Q; not Q; therefore not P is valid.
• The integer zero is neither even nor odd.
• Both alternatives may be true in haqiqiyyah.
• Both options may be false in mani‘at al-jam‘.
• Both options may be true in mani‘at al-khulu.
• Every either/or statement is automatically haqiqiyyah.
• In iqtirani qiyas, neither the conclusion nor its negation appears verbatim as a premise.
• A valid argument form guarantees all its premises are true.