In Surah al-Hujurat (49:11), «بِئْسَ الِاسْمُ الْفُسُوقُ» contains a special connected-reading form. The written alifs after «بِئْسَ» are not each pronounced as separate full hamzahs; the connected pronunciation proceeds through a kasrah-bearing lam into «لِسْمُ». Counting the written alif shapes is therefore insufficient; listen to a qualified reciter for the precise form.
Rule summary:
1. Connected and separate madd depend on hamzah and the word boundary.
2. Obligatory madd depends on original sukun; word-based and letter-name types each have doubled and undoubled forms.
3. Incidental and soft prolongations involve sukun produced by stopping.
4. The heaviness of alif follows the preceding consonant; hamzah facilitation belongs to a specifically transmitted position.
Accurate performance requires oral correction of the letters and their lengths. The next unit addresses the rules for pausing.