Use a four-step audit. First inspect consonants and vowel marks: which consonant is unvowelled or doubled? Next inspect the following consonant, which determines several nūn, tanwīn and mīm rules. Third, check word boundaries and whether you are linking or stopping. Finally apply the precise sound: nasalization, qalqalah, heaviness, lightness, and madd.
A useful answer is not simply “idghām occurs.” Say why: for instance, a nūn sākinah followed by lām across a word boundary undergoes idghām without ghunnah.
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A systematic way to audit a passage
Applied Tajwīd Diagnostics: Four Short Sūrahs
Use a four-step audit. First inspect consonants and vowel marks: which consonant is unvowelled or doubled? Next inspect the following consonant, which determines several nūn, tanwīn and mīm rules. Third, check word boundaries and whether you are linking or stopping. Finally apply the precise sound: nasalization, qalqalah, heaviness, lightness, and madd.
A useful answer is not simply “idghām occurs.” Say why: for instance, a nūn sākinah followed by lām across a word boundary undergoes idghām without ghunnah.