LessonsArticulation of Letters — All Seventeen MakharijQuiz

The remaining tongue points are easier to learn by locating the upper teeth and gums. The front incisors are thanaya, followed by the rabaʿiyyat, the an-yab (canines), then ḍawāḥik and ṭawāḥin further back.

Different letters use the side of the tongue, the tip, or the front tongue surface. The opposing point may be the tooth root, edge or gum. A small change of contact can alter the letter.

A mental map of the palate, teeth, tongue and nasal region helps locate these points. Work from the front teeth back toward the molars.

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Teeth and the opposing surfaces of the tongue

Articulation of Letters — All Seventeen Makharij

The remaining tongue points are easier to learn by locating the upper teeth and gums. The front incisors are thanaya, followed by the rabaʿiyyat, the an-yab (canines), then ḍawāḥik and ṭawāḥin further back.

Different letters use the side of the tongue, the tip, or the front tongue surface. The opposing point may be the tooth root, edge or gum. A small change of contact can alter the letter.

A mental map of the palate, teeth, tongue and nasal region helps locate these points. Work from the front teeth back toward the molars.