LessonsAuxiliary and Speculative Sciences: Narrative Interpretation, the Five Sciences, Translation, and Qur’anic PropertiesQuiz

Generality and specification are essential in translation. If the original addresses an entire relevant class, the translation should not narrow it without evidence; if a ruling is conditioned on a particular situation, the translation must not turn it into an unrestricted statement.

For example, kull (“all/every”) and baʿḍ (“some”) differ materially. An exception or condition attached to a ruling must also survive translation. A smooth but careless version can otherwise change a legal or theological implication.

Practical test: Who is addressed? How broad is the statement? Is there a condition, limitation, or exception in the Arabic?

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Preserving particularization and generality

Auxiliary and Speculative Sciences: Narrative Interpretation, the Five Sciences, Translation, and Qur’anic Properties

Generality and specification are essential in translation. If the original addresses an entire relevant class, the translation should not narrow it without evidence; if a ruling is conditioned on a particular situation, the translation must not turn it into an unrestricted statement.

For example, kull (“all/every”) and baʿḍ (“some”) differ materially. An exception or condition attached to a ruling must also survive translation. A smooth but careless version can otherwise change a legal or theological implication.

Practical test: Who is addressed? How broad is the statement? Is there a condition, limitation, or exception in the Arabic?