Some reports describe a particular event connected with the revelation of a verse. The verse addresses or alludes to that event; episodes related to Uḥud and the Confederates supply examples of historical setting.
Other reports give an event to which the general wording applies, without asserting that the event alone caused revelation or exhausts the verse’s meaning. Early scholars could also use the phrase “revealed concerning such-and-such” in this illustrative sense.
Key distinction: identifying a specific historical occasion and supplying one instance covered by a verse are different interpretive acts. Confusing them multiplies apparent contradictions.