LessonsFurther Forms of Ibdāl: Definiteness, Agreement, Iltifāt and Word OrderQuiz

“Wa-al-samāʾi dhāti al-burūj, wa-al-yawmi al-mawʿūd, wa-shāhidin wa-mashhūd”
“By the heaven of constellations, the promised Day, and witness and witnessed.” (al-Burūj 85:1–3, excerpt)
“Qutila aṣḥābu al-ukhdūd”
“Perished / condemned are the people of the trench.” (85:4)

The oaths lead into the account of persecution and the reality of judgment. “Qutila” carries force of condemnation, not merely a neutral historical notice of a death. The structure draws attention to divine recompense and the seriousness of wrongdoing.

The relationship between oath, story and warning should determine the explanatory reading of its answer.

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The oath of al-Burūj and the threat of judgment

Further Forms of Ibdāl: Definiteness, Agreement, Iltifāt and Word Order

“Wa-al-samāʾi dhāti al-burūj, wa-al-yawmi al-mawʿūd, wa-shāhidin wa-mashhūd”
“By the heaven of constellations, the promised Day, and witness and witnessed.” (al-Burūj 85:1–3, excerpt)
“Qutila aṣḥābu al-ukhdūd”
“Perished / condemned are the people of the trench.” (85:4)

The oaths lead into the account of persecution and the reality of judgment. “Qutila” carries force of condemnation, not merely a neutral historical notice of a death. The structure draws attention to divine recompense and the seriousness of wrongdoing.

The relationship between oath, story and warning should determine the explanatory reading of its answer.