The book describes the eleventh point as the tongue tip by the lower incisor edge, with the upper incisors involved. The letters are ṣād (ص), zāy (ز), and sīn (س).
Compare صَ، زَ، سَ. They share a region but differ in essential qualities; in particular, ṣād cannot be replaced with an ordinary sīn. The following chapter will explain the qualities in more detail.
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Point 11: Near lower incisors — ṣ, z, s
Makhārij al-Ḥurūf — The Fifteen Articulation Points
The book describes the eleventh point as the tongue tip by the lower incisor edge, with the upper incisors involved. The letters are ṣād (ص), zāy (ز), and sīn (س).
Compare صَ، زَ، سَ. They share a region but differ in essential qualities; in particular, ṣād cannot be replaced with an ordinary sīn. The following chapter will explain the qualities in more detail.