Review the author's fifteen positions in order: 1 ء ه; 2 ع ح; 3 غ خ; 4 ق; 5 ك; 6 ج ش ي; 7 ض; 8 ل ن ر; 9 ط د ت; 10 ظ ذ ث; 11 ص ز س; 12 ف; 13 ب م و; 14 ghunnah; 15 madd letters. Yāʾ and wāw can be consonantal at their respective points or madd sounds at the cavity point.
Complete three drills: identify the six throat letters; distinguish q/k and the three dental groups; identify nasal resonance versus long vowels. The next section discusses letter qualities (ṣifāt), which explain how adjacent articulations yield distinct sounds.
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Practice and recap: all 15 points
Makhārij al-Ḥurūf — The Fifteen Articulation Points
Review the author's fifteen positions in order: 1 ء ه; 2 ع ح; 3 غ خ; 4 ق; 5 ك; 6 ج ش ي; 7 ض; 8 ل ن ر; 9 ط د ت; 10 ظ ذ ث; 11 ص ز س; 12 ف; 13 ب م و; 14 ghunnah; 15 madd letters. Yāʾ and wāw can be consonantal at their respective points or madd sounds at the cavity point.
Complete three drills: identify the six throat letters; distinguish q/k and the three dental groups; identify nasal resonance versus long vowels. The next section discusses letter qualities (ṣifāt), which explain how adjacent articulations yield distinct sounds.