The 15 points can be grouped for memory: throat (ʾ, h, ʿ, ḥ, gh, kh); tongue/palate/teeth (q, k, j, sh, non-madd y, ḍ, l, n, r, ṭ, d, t, ẓ, dh, th, ṣ, z, s); lips (f, b, m, non-madd w); nasal passage (ghunnah); and cavity (madd letters).
This is a map rather than a substitute for pronunciation. The next slides distinguish neighboring points. Familiar Urdu pronunciations are not always sufficient for precise Arabic articulation.
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Five areas of articulation
Makhārij al-Ḥurūf — The Fifteen Articulation Points
The 15 points can be grouped for memory: throat (ʾ, h, ʿ, ḥ, gh, kh); tongue/palate/teeth (q, k, j, sh, non-madd y, ḍ, l, n, r, ṭ, d, t, ẓ, dh, th, ṣ, z, s); lips (f, b, m, non-madd w); nasal passage (ghunnah); and cavity (madd letters).
This is a map rather than a substitute for pronunciation. The next slides distinguish neighboring points. Familiar Urdu pronunciations are not always sufficient for precise Arabic articulation.