Iftira’ is the attribution of an unsupported statement to God, revelation or religious law. Verbal alteration changes transmitted wording; fabrication adds a claim and treats it as authoritatively religious without adequate proof.
Two tests must be kept distinct: authenticity of transmission and validity of inference. A soundly transmitted report can be misinterpreted, while an appealing conclusion may still be falsely presented as revealed law.
Three patterns under this heading are excessive deference to predecessors, reliance on subjective legal preference without an authoritative text, and promotion of imaginary deductions. Each must be assessed on its own merits.