LessonsQur’anic Argumentation: Polytheistic Beliefs and Their RefutationQuiz

A misleading model came from earthly monarchy: just as a king grants limited duties to trusted deputies, some supposed that God’s exclusive affairs were independently allotted to favored beings.

The analogy fails because a human ruler is limited, whereas divine knowledge and power are not subject to such deficiencies. A worldly sovereign may need delegated assistance; the Creator is not dependent upon deputies in the same way.

Testing an analogy requires asking whether the similarity is relevant to the property being inferred. A superficial resemblance does not justify importing every feature of human government into divine sovereignty.

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The misleading analogy of royal deputies

Qur’anic Argumentation: Polytheistic Beliefs and Their Refutation

A misleading model came from earthly monarchy: just as a king grants limited duties to trusted deputies, some supposed that God’s exclusive affairs were independently allotted to favored beings.

The analogy fails because a human ruler is limited, whereas divine knowledge and power are not subject to such deficiencies. A worldly sovereign may need delegated assistance; the Creator is not dependent upon deputies in the same way.

Testing an analogy requires asking whether the similarity is relevant to the property being inferred. A superficial resemblance does not justify importing every feature of human government into divine sovereignty.