“A-qatalta nafsan zakiyyatan bi-ghayri nafs”
“Have you killed an innocent soul without [its having taken] a life?” (al-Kahf 18:74, excerpt)
The meaning includes a life taken in retaliation for the killing of another; the bare word “soul” stands within that understood legal relation.
“Aw fasādin fī al-arḍ”
“Or for corruption in the land.” (al-Māʾidah 5:32, excerpt)
The phrase concerns the relevant offense and its consequences, not an isolated abstract noun without legal context.
Such expressions clarify the sort of qualification intended. They do not by themselves supply a complete legal code; conditions and evidences must be studied together before deriving rulings.