Descriptions of Hell include entry into the Fire, mutual reproach, deprivation, suffering and different forms of chastisement. Chains, shackles, scalding liquid, ghassāq, zaqqūm and other severe images appear in the traditional exposition of these Qur’anic themes. They are not merely objects of fearful spectacle; they warn against rejection of truth, oppression and arrogant persistence in evil.
Chains and shackles evoke captivity and restraint, while scalding drink and zaqqūm invert the ordinary expectation that provision brings nourishment and comfort. Each expression must be read in its setting rather than turned into an opportunity for speculative embellishment.
The purpose of warning is to deter wrongdoing and call people toward repentance. General statements about punishment do not give a reader authority to pronounce the final destiny of a named person without evidence or warrant.