Description can amplify an image, apposition may specify a referent, explanatory coordination can develop a thought, and repetition may reinforce its argumentative or moral force.
Prepositions and conjunctions organize circumstances, connections or consequences. Pronoun distribution requires identifying each antecedent. Multiple meanings require matching a word’s sense to its syntactic setting and the passage’s argument.
In none of these cases is interpretation a license to change the words or their recited sequence. Tafsīr explains the connections, purposes and meanings expressed by the received text. These principles prepare the way for the next discussion of clear and less immediately clear wording, allusion, indirect expression and intellectual metaphor.