Hamzat al-qaṭʿ retains its identity when beginning or joining words; its pronunciation may change only under a particular rule. Hamzat al-waṣl enables a word to begin with a vowel but normally falls away in connected recitation.
For example أَنْعَمْتَ has qaṭʿ, whereas ٱسْم begins with waṣl. The distinction—not merely the presence of a written alif—governs the chapter’s rules.
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Distinguish qaṭʿ and waṣl
Rules of Hamzah — Taḥqīq, Tashīl, Ibdāl and Hamzat al-Waṣl
Hamzat al-qaṭʿ retains its identity when beginning or joining words; its pronunciation may change only under a particular rule. Hamzat al-waṣl enables a word to begin with a vowel but normally falls away in connected recitation.
For example أَنْعَمْتَ has qaṭʿ, whereas ٱسْم begins with waṣl. The distinction—not merely the presence of a written alif—governs the chapter’s rules.