Istifāl is opposed to istiʿlāʾ. The book assigns it to the twenty-two letters other than the seven istiʿlāʾ letters. Their pronunciation lacks the special raised-back-tongue posture.
Examples include س and ك, as contrasted with istiʿlāʾ letters ص and ق. Lowering should not become forced depression of the tongue or reduced audibility. Preserve the actual point and quality.
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Istifāl: lowered tongue posture
Ṣifāt al-Ḥurūf — Opposing Qualities and Strength Grades
Istifāl is opposed to istiʿlāʾ. The book assigns it to the twenty-two letters other than the seven istiʿlāʾ letters. Their pronunciation lacks the special raised-back-tongue posture.
Examples include س and ك, as contrasted with istiʿlāʾ letters ص and ق. Lowering should not become forced depression of the tongue or reduced audibility. Preserve the actual point and quality.