A useful method is to ask five questions about each letter: hams or jahr? shiddah, rikhawah, or tawassut? istiʿla or istifal? itbaq or infitah? idhlaq or ismat?
ص: hams, rikhawah, istiʿla, itbaq, ismat.
ت: hams, shiddah, istifal, infitah, ismat.
ل: jahr, tawassut, istifal, infitah, idhlaq.
The opposition operates within a particular contrasting pair; qualities from different pairs can describe the same consonant. The non-opposing qualities add further identifying features to particular letters.
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Sifat al-Huruf — Seventeen Letter Characteristics and Their Application
A useful method is to ask five questions about each letter: hams or jahr? shiddah, rikhawah, or tawassut? istiʿla or istifal? itbaq or infitah? idhlaq or ismat?
ص: hams, rikhawah, istiʿla, itbaq, ismat.
ت: hams, shiddah, istifal, infitah, ismat.
ل: jahr, tawassut, istifal, infitah, idhlaq.
The opposition operates within a particular contrasting pair; qualities from different pairs can describe the same consonant. The non-opposing qualities add further identifying features to particular letters.