The discussion identifies 17 qualities. The first 10 are opposing qualities arranged in five paired contrasts. The two poles of a given opposition cannot simultaneously describe the same letter in the same respect.
The five contrasts: hams/jahr; shiddah/rikhawah (with tawassut between them); istiʿla/istifal; itbaq/infitah; and idhlaq/ismat. Tawassut is the intermediate state between complete stopping and continued flow of sound.
The remaining seven non-opposing qualities are safir, qalqalah, lin, inhiraf, takrir, tafashshi, and istitalah. They have no individually named opposite in this classification and may accompany a letter's other qualities.